Jabir ibn hayyan biography of donald

During his childhood, his family had to migrate to the land of Arabia where he got his early education from famous scholars of his time and gained knowledge of Greek, Persian, and Indian literature. His father was one of the supporters of the Abbasside caliphate and died for the same reason. Soon he became a physician and practiced medicine with the support of the caliph.

He was a famous physician and cured many powerful personalities. He also worked on many chemicals and experimented on them. Jabir had to travel a lot to acquire existing knowledge of chemistry. He was well funded by the caliph for his travel expenditures.

Jabir ibn hayyan biography of donald: Jabir ibn Hayyan (c.

He presented his work to the caliph Harun al-Rashid in the Book of Blossom. Jabir ibn Hayyan was the founder of alchemy which served as the foundation for modern chemistry. When supporters of Jabir Geber were put to death by the Caliph for some unknown reasons, he fled to Kufa modern-day Iraq. Jabir perfected the use of various chemical processes used in the modern chemistry laboratory, such as distillation, crystallization and sublimation etc.

Using some of those methods he produced concentrated acetic acid from vinegar.

Jabir ibn hayyan biography of donald: Jabir ibn Hayyan was an 8th

He synthesized hydrochloric acid by heating salt and sulfuric acid and nitric acid by heating saltpeter with sulfuric acid. By mixing hydrochloric acid with nitric acid he invented a supper acid called aqua regia which could dissolve even gold. He also isolated citric acid from lemon and tartaric acid from the residue left after wine making. The discoveries of these acids especially aqua regia helped the chemists to extract and purify gold and other metals for the next thousand years.

This can be considered as a land- mark achievement in the field of chemistry more than thousand year ago.

Jabir ibn hayyan biography of donald: Jabir Ibn Hayyan was

Jabir divided the substance into three categories; first group he called Spirits substance which vaporize on heating, like sulfur, ammonium chloride, camphor and arsenic etc, second group he called Metals like copper, silver, gold, iron and lead etc the third group he called Non-malleable like rocks, charcoal. The categorizations of substance finally lead to divide the elements into the modern classification of elements into metals and non-metals.

He invented an additive which, when applied to an iron surface, inhabited rust and when applied to a textile, would make it water repellent. It is also notable for citing a significant number of Greek authors: there are references to the works of PlatoAristotleArchimedesGalenAlexander of AphrodisiasPorphyryThemistiuspseudo - Apollonius of Tyanaand others.

Apart from two surviving treatises see immediately aboveJabir's many writings on other topics are all lost: Catalogues Kr. For the caliph himself, Jabir wrote an alchemical work, The Book of the Blossom, which included information on experimental techniques. He also is said to have facilitated the acquisition of copies of Greek and Latin authors for translation into Arabic.

Jabir ibn hayyan biography of donald: Jabir was the first polymath

Jabir kept a working laboratory in Kufa, the ruins of which were discovered two hundred years after his death. InJafar ibn Yahya was put to death and the Barmecides were banished after earning the disfavor of the Caliphate. Jabir fled to Kufa, where he is said to have lived long enough to persuade the succeeding Caliph, Al-Ma'mun, to nominate a successor of Jabir's choice.

According to this tradition, Jabir would have died only after the naming of the successor, Ali al-Rida, in Contributions to chemistry It is useful to differentiate the techniques, processes, and theories associated with the Arabic works ascribed to Jabir, and those of the Latin works under the authorship of Geber, Jabir's latinized name.

Jabirian contributions include: The importance of practical knowledge gained from experience and experiment. A broadening of the scope of investigation of materials to include not just minerals, but also plant and animal substances. The importance of number in an understading of the universe. The numbers 17 and 28 bear a particular significance in Jabir's system.

The principle of balance in assessing the properties of substances, which can mean their actual densities or their part in the composition of other substances. The introduction of the qualities of warm, cold, moist and dry, in addition to the ancient Greek categories or elements of fire, water, earth and air. The possibility of the artificial production of many naturally occuring entities and phenomena, including life itself.

The importance of the religious life in pursuing the scientific. Jabir believes that the stars influence human behavior and conduct, but that through a life of prayer and offerings, the stars themselves come under human influence through the agency of the divine. The works in Latin under the name of Geber include these important chemical processes Von Meyer, : The manufacture of nitric and sulfuric acids; The separation of gold from other metals through the agency of lead and saltpeter potassium nitrate.

The concept of a chemical compound; the mineral cinnabar, for example, as being composed of sulfur and mercury The purification of mercury.