Shaya kumar biography of mahatma

He is also hailed as the greatest figure of modern India. The word Mahatmawhile often mistaken for Gandhi's given name in the West, is taken from the Sanskrit words maha meaning Great and atma meaning Soul. Innumerable streets, roads, and localities in India are named after Gandhi. These include M. As ofover countries have released stamps on Gandhi.

Florian asteroid Gandhi was named in his honour in September Gandhi influenced important leaders and political movements. In his early years, the former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela was a follower of the nonviolent resistance philosophy of Gandhi. This legacy connects him to Nelson Mandela Gandhi's life and teachings inspired many who specifically referred to Gandhi as their mentor or who dedicated their lives to spreading his ideas.

Inphysicist Albert Einstein exchanged letters with Gandhi and called him "a role model for the generations to come" in a letter writing about him. Mahatma Gandhi's life achievement stands unique in political history. He has invented a completely new and humane means for the liberation war of an oppressed country, and practised it with greatest energy and devotion.

The moral influence he had on the consciously thinking human being of the entire civilised world will probably be much more lasting than it seems in our time with its overestimation of brutal violent forces. Because lasting will only be the work of such statesmen who wake up and strengthen the moral power of their people through their example and educational works.

We may all be happy and grateful that destiny gifted us with such an enlightened contemporary, a role model for the generations to come. Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this walked the earth in flesh and blood. Farah Omara political activist from Somalilandvisited India inwhere he met Gandhi and was influenced by Gandhi's non-violent philosophy, which he adopted in his campaign in British Somaliland.

Lanza del Vasto went to India in intending to live with Gandhi; he later returned to Europe to spread Gandhi's philosophy and founded the Community of the Ark in modelled after Gandhi's ashrams. Madeleine Slade known as "Mirabehn" was the daughter of a British admiral who spent much of her adult life in India as a devotee of Gandhi. In addition, the British musician John Lennon referred to Gandhi when discussing his views on nonviolence.

His reply was in response to the question: "Who was the one person, dead or live, that you would choose to dine with? He inspired Dr. King with his message of nonviolence. He ended up doing so much and changed the world just by the power of his ethics. Gandhi's ideas had a significant influence on 20th-century philosophy. It began with his engagement with Romain Rolland and Martin Buber.

Jean-Luc Nancy said that the French philosopher Maurice Blanchot engaged critically with Gandhi from the point of view of "European spirituality. American political scientist Gene Sharp wrote an analytical text, Gandhi as a political strategiston the significance of Gandhi's ideas, for creating nonviolent social change. Recently, in the light of climate change, Gandhi's views on technology are gaining importance in the fields of environmental philosophy and philosophy of technology.

Time magazine named Gandhi the Man of the Year in Nelson Mandelathe leader of South Africa's struggle to eradicate racial discrimination and segregation, was a prominent non-Indian recipient. InGandhi was posthumously awarded with the World Peace Prize. Gandhi did not receive the Nobel Peace Prizealthough he was nominated five times between andincluding the first-ever shaya kumar biography of mahatma by the American Friends Service Committee[ ] though Gandhi made the short list only twice, in and That year, the committee chose not to award the peace prize stating that "there was no suitable living candidate", and later research shows that the possibility of awarding the prize posthumously to Gandhi was discussed and that the reference to no suitable living candidate was to Gandhi.

Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question. Indians widely describe Gandhi as the Father of the Nation. India, with its rapid economic modernisation and urbanisation, has rejected Gandhi's economics [ ] but accepted much of his politics and continues to revere his memory. Reporter Jim Yardley notes that "modern India is hardly a Gandhian nation, if it ever was one.

His vision of a village-dominated economy was shunted aside during his lifetime as rural romanticism, and his call for a national ethos of personal austerity and nonviolence has proved antithetical to the goals of an aspiring economic and military power. Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is a national holiday in IndiaGandhi Jayanti. His image also appears on paper currency of all denominations issued by Reserve Bank of Indiaexcept for the one rupee note.

There are three temples in India dedicated to Gandhi. Gandhi's children and grandchildren live in India and other countries. Grandson Rajmohan Gandhi is a professor in Illinois and an author of Gandhi's biography titled Mohandas[ ] while another, Tarun Gandhi, has authored several authoritative books on his grandfather. Another grandson, Kanu Ramdas Gandhi the son of Gandhi's third son Ramdaswas found living at an old age home in Delhi despite having taught earlier in the United States.

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Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Indian independence activist — For other uses, see Gandhi disambiguation. New DelhiDominion of India. British Raj until Dominion of India from Leadership of the campaign for India's independence from British rule Nonviolent resistance.

Kasturba Gandhi. Harilal Manilal Ramdas Devdas. Karamchand Gandhi Putlibai Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi's voice. Early life and background. Vegetarianism and committee work. Civil rights activist in South Africa — Europeans, Indians and Africans. Struggle for Indian independence — See also: Indian independence movement.

Shaya kumar biography of mahatma: SHAYA KUMAR. R. VALLIAMMAL. Manavalakurichy,

Main article: Champaran Satyagraha. Main article: Kheda Satyagraha. Main article: Khilafat Movement. Main article: Non-co-operation movement. Main article: Salt Satyagraha. Main article: Quit India Movement. Partition and independence. See also: Indian independence movement and Partition of India. Main article: Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.

Principles, practices, and beliefs. Main article: Practices and beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi. See also: Gandhism. Followers and international influence. Global days that celebrate Gandhi. Film, theatre, and literature. Current impact within India. Not to be confused with the Indian political family Nehru—Gandhi family. Retrieved 24 January P Mahatma Gandhi A Chronology.

Publications Division. ISBN The Floating Press. Archived from the original on 29 March Retrieved 29 March Archived from the original on 21 July Retrieved 21 July Identity and Religion: Foundations of anti-Islamism in India. Sage Publications. Mohandas Gandhi. Infobase Publishing. The name Gandhi means "grocer", although Mohandas's father and grandfather were politicians not grocers.

The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 7 October Retrieved 15 July The Ways and Power of Love: types, factors, and techniques of moral transformation. Templeton Foundation Press. Gandhi: The Traditional Roots of Charisma. University of Chicago Press. Retrieved 19 March Responses to Questions on Hinduism. Paulist Press.

Retrieved 16 August Gandhi: A Spiritual Biography. Yale University Press. John Zavos; et al. Public Hinduisms. Orissa Review January : 45— Archived from the original PDF on 1 January Retrieved 23 February The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Archived from the original on 7 March Retrieved 20 February Gandhi, his life and message for the world.

New American Library. Retrieved 4 June Gandhi Before India. Alfred A. Archived from the original on 2 July Nanda Archived from the original on 13 May Retrieved 3 June India Currents. Archived from the original on 16 January Retrieved 16 January Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 15 May Mahatma: Tendulkar, Mahatma; life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.

Shaya kumar biography of mahatma: Innovative technologies for fast

Archived from the original on 8 June Retrieved 11 August Gandhi — ". Archived from the original on 5 December Retrieved 26 September In Roxanne Reid ed. New History of South Africa 1st ed. The Journal of Modern African Studies. ISSN X. JSTOR S2CID Mawenzi House Publishers Limited. Archived from the original on 17 March Retrieved 17 March Archived from the original on 9 September Retrieved 17 September Gandhi: a very short introduction.

Oxford University Press. Other Places Publishing. Press Information Bureau of India — Archive. Archived PDF from the original on 28 September Retrieved 18 July Concept Publishing Company. The Literature Network. Archived from the original on 10 November Retrieved 12 February Mathai; M. John; Siby K. Joseph eds. Meditations on Gandhi : a Ravindra Varma festschrift.

New Delhi: Concept. Retrieved 8 September Univ of California Press. Retrieved 15 November Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Facts On File. Retrieved 5 July Stanford University Press. University of California Press. The Wire. Archived from the original on 25 December Retrieved 11 January Minorities and the State in Africa. Cambria Press.

Archived from the original on 7 September Retrieved 7 September Retrieved 25 December The Times of India. ISSN Archived from the original on 15 April Philosophy Now. Archived from the original on 24 March South African Historical Journal. Archived from the original on 2 May Retrieved 20 January Political Science Quarterly. Based on public domain volumes.

Day-to-day with Gandhi: secretary's diary. Translated by Hemantkumar Nilkanth. Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan. Archived 15 October at the Wayback Machine Chapter " Appeal for enlistment", Nadiad, 22 June Archived 15 October at the Wayback Machine "Chapter 8. Letter to J. Maffey", Nadiad, 30 April Satyagraha Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 February Retrieved 5 February Jarboe University of Nebraska.

Archived from the original on 21 October Retrieved 16 October Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Indian National Congress website. All India Congress Committee. Archived from the original on 6 December Retrieved 25 February Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics — Bloomsbury Academic. Archived from the original on 3 February Retrieved 3 February The First World War.

Paine Jinnah vs. Rabindranath Tagore heavily criticized Gandhi at the time in private letters They reveal Tagore's shaya kumar biography of mahatma that Gandhi had committed the Indian political nation to a cause that was mistakenly anti-Western and fundamentally negative. Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. Psychology Press.

Ahmed Retrieved 18 April Orient Blackswan. Archived from the original on 10 July Retrieved 25 August He was arrested on 10 March and was sentenced to prison for six years. Modern India: the origins of an Asian democracy. Modern India: — Wipf and Stock Publishers. Archived from the original on 5 October Retrieved 6 August Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House.

Also available at Wikisource. Indian Politics and Society since Independence: events, processes and ideology. Retrieved 4 April Sahitya Akademi. Gandhi and Gandhi and the Mass Movement. New Delhi. Indian Historical Review. City University of New York Press. Gandhi and the Mass Movement. Mahatma Gandhi. Evans Brothers. Retrieved 5 January Download as PDF Printable version.

In other projects. Wikidata item. Release date. Running time. Cast [ edit ]. Awards [ edit ]. InHis two youngest children of four were born there, and he faced many challenges there. In his starting days there, he faced differences because of his color, and once even he was thrown into the mud because he refused to go out of first class.

He had two choices: he could return to India or Protest against discriminationand he gladly chose to stay there and protest. Later in a Durban courthe was asked to remove his turban, he refused and left Courtroom, but the struggle didn't stop there on a street. A policeman kicked him from the footpath without warning as He was an Indian, and Indians were not allowed to walk on a footpath.

For the first time, these things triggered Gandhi, and he gave an aggressive reaction that was unexpected by his nature. He tried to teach all the fellow Indians in Pretoria about their rights and duties, but till then, he had no intention to stay there, but an incident there in Natal made him stay there for a long while when they announced to deny the right to vote for the Indians.

Shaya kumar biography of mahatma: Education: Mahatma Jyotiba Phule

Gandhi and his fellows opposed the bill and asked Joseph Chamberlainwho was the British Colonial Secretaryto take a second thought on the bill and shaya kumar biography of mahatma on their behalf. Although he wasn't able to make any big change in the bill, he got enough attention for the positions of Indians in South Africa. Neither as a student nor a barrister, he was interested in politics, but when he was only 25, he was a very well-known political campaigner.

Inwhen he went back to India to bring his wife and children to South Africa, he tried to get the political support of big politicians there, which was, unfortunately, a cause of the issue among European politicians, and ina group of white mob attacked him when he landed in Durban. Somehow he survived that situation and refused to take any mob name in a press conference as he didn't want to bring any personal issue to court.

Inwhen the war of Boer took place, Gandhi asked Indians to defend Natal British Colony as they called themselves citizens, and that's their duty; he raised Natal Indian ambulance Crop who were medical certified and trained to give medical help. In, the Transvaal Government announced a new act of humiliating registrations of his Indian and Chinese population.

A huge mass protest meeting was organized in Johannesburg, and Gandhi was the leader of the meeting in which they all took a pledge of not accepting the law and facing all the penalties or punishment as a result. This is from where the Idea of Satyagrah 'devotion of truth' was born: they will face all the sufferings without showing any violence and keep walking on the path of truth.

The struggle of the Indian community kept going for 7 years, and inmany Indians, including females, went to Jail. Many Indians scarify their livelihood in this process. However, not only for Indians but for the South African Government, it was a hard time, and under the pressure of Governments, compromise happened between Indians and Government.

This was his last Protest as a leader, and Gandhi left South Africa, but still, the protests kept going. After lots of suffering infinally, Indians got the right to vote in South Africa, and even after his death, Gandhi was known as National Hero with many monuments. Gandhi left South Africa and went to London because he received an invitation from Gopal Krishna Gokhle to come back to India because, at that time, he was a reputed Indian nationalist and leader all over the world.

Inhe went to India back, and for three years, he didn't join any political activity and supported British Army. Still, on the other hand, he criticized British Government for their actions in Gujarat and Bihar. He announced SatyaGrah and started a huge non-violent war against British Government. Inwhen Gandhi went to the War Conference in New Delhi and accepted the offer of recruiting Indians for British Soldiers, and tillhe even recruited them.

Still, inGandhi refused to support any kind of harm or killing to anybody. When he started recruiting the soldiers, his principle of nonviolence and kindness were questioned. Still, he stopped helping the Government after an awful law by Government. InBihar Farmers when to the ashram of Gandhi and asked him for help against the Government as they were forced to grow the crop of Indigofera used as a dye and sell their Crops to Government at a fixed price which wasn't enough for their life living.

Gandhi supported them, and with the idea of Non-violence, they got the shaya kumar biography of mahatma as the authority accepted their demands. InKheda at Gujarat was influenced by the flood but still didn't have any relief from Government and asked for the taxes when Gandhi came to know about this. He started a non-violent protest he picked up new young volunteers for this.

Vallabh Bhai Patel was the leader of farmers in this and this Protest; he used a non-co-operation trick where he and the farmers signed a non-payment of income even when the Government threatened them for seizing the land, they didn't agree. After struggling for a long while for Five months in the end, the Government agreed and relaxed the taxes also freed the farmer they jailed, and gave relief to Gujarat.

When the British Government announced Rowlett Act, Gandhi warned Government that he would ask the public to disobey them if they applied that Act, but the Government ignored him and applied it. Still, British Law officers fired on the people who had any armors, which made the Indian public angry and started riots. Still, Mahatma Gandhi gathered them at a Hindu Festival and asked them to show their anger in a peaceful manner by not using British goods and burning their British clothes.

His followers followed what he said and used a non-violent manner even when the other side showed Violence. A huge crowd was arranged, and they all were going to Delhi when the Government stopped them and warned them not to enter, but they disagreed and entered Delhi. There was a wave of huge anger among people for this, and they kept protesting and rioting.

They organized a gathering in Amritsar Punjab. Many people, including Females and children, were gathered in the Park, and a British officer named Reginald Dyer surrounded them and shot them. Hundreds of Sikhs and Hindu citizens were killed in that ParkPark. Many more were injured; they all were unarmed, and this incident is called Amritsar Massacre or Jaliyawala Bagh Massacre.

When people in India came to know about this, there was a huge number of hatred and anger in India. On the next day, instead of showing any anger or saying anything bad to Government, Gandhi asked the Indian public to be polite and reply to them with love and nonviolence. But the condition kept getting worse, and Gandhi took a pledge of Fasting till death to Stop Violence and property destruction.

After this Massacre, a huge amount of the Sikh and Hindu Community was in a huge rage that they wanted to kill Dyer. Even the British Government itself criticized him for the decision and asked to find other and less harmful ways to control the CrowdCrowd. Mahatma Gandhi was deeply rooted in Hinduism, drawing inspiration from the Hindu god Vishnu and other religious texts like the Bhagavad Gita.

However, his approach to religion was broad and inclusive, embracing ideas and values from various faiths, including Christianity and Islam, emphasizing the universal search for truth. This eclectic approach allowed him to develop a personal philosophy that stressed the importance of truth, non-violence ahimsaand self-discipline. Gandhi believed in living a simple life, minimizing possessions, and being self-sufficient.

He also advocated for the equality of all human beings, irrespective of caste or religion, and placed great emphasis on the power of civil disobedience as a way to achieve social and political goals. His beliefs were not just theoretical; they were practical principles that guided his actions and campaigns against British rule in India.

His commitment to non-violence and truth was also not just a personal choice but a political strategy that proved effective against British rule. His unique approach to civil disobedience and non-violent protest influenced not only the course of Indian history but also civil rights movements around the world. Among his notable achievements was the successful challenge against British salt taxes through the Salt March ofwhich galvanized the Indian population against the British government.

Gandhi was instrumental in the discussions that led to Indian independence inalthough he was deeply pained by the partition that followed. His methods of peaceful resistance have inspired countless individuals and movements, including Martin Luther King Jr. He went there to work as a legal representative for an Indian firm. Initially, Gandhi planned to stay in South Africa for a year, but the discrimination and injustice he witnessed against the Indian community there changed his path entirely.

He faced racism firsthand when he was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg station for refusing to move from a first-class carriage, which was reserved for white passengers. This incident was crucial, marking the beginning of his fight against racial segregation and discrimination. Gandhi decided to stay in South Africa to fight for the rights of the Indian community, organizing the Natal Indian Congress in to combat the unjust laws against Indians.

His work in South Africa lasted for about 21 years, during which he developed and refined his principles of non-violent protest and civil disobedience. In response, Gandhi organized a mass protest meeting and declared that Indians would defy the law and suffer the consequences rather than submit to it. This was the beginning of the Satyagraha movement in South Africa, which aimed at asserting the truth through non-violent resistance.

This philosophy was deeply influenced by his religious beliefs and his experiences in South Africa. He believed that the moral high ground could compel oppressors to change their ways without resorting to violence. Gandhi argued that through peaceful non-compliance and willingness to accept the consequences of defiance, one could achieve justice.

This form of protest was not just about resisting unjust laws but doing so in a way that adhered to a strict code of non-violence and truth, or Satyagraha. His readings of various religious texts and the works of thinkers like Henry David Thoreau also contributed to his philosophy. Satyagrahaa term coined by Gandhi, combines the Sanskrit words for truth satya and holding firmly to agraha.

Satyagraha called for non-violent resistance to injustice, where the satyagrahi practitioner of Satyagraha would peacefully defy unjust laws and accept the consequences of such defiance.