Razia sultan biography of christopher

She held open court, was ever ready to listen to the problems of her subjects. She herself supervised how each department in the empire worked. She gave Wazarat to Muhazaabuddin who was the Naib Wazir. She wanted to make the Turks dependent on her and break their monopolistic power. She did this by giving the higher posts in the empire to the non-Turkish Muslims.

Razia Sultana was the only woman who ruled the Delhi Sultanate. She became the subject of many famous legends. Amar Chita Katha is an Indian comic book series which is a reputed one. Razia has her own title in this comic book. She was the first one and last one as well. She was skilled and also a very brave woman. She abandoned the Muslim traditions of covering the face by veil and even the purdah system.

She was the one who led the army during the battles on her horse. She is known to be a ruler who was devoted, loving, helpful and compassionate. She was generous to all her subjects. She was always ready to listen to their grievances. She won the hearts of many people. All her subjects were happy with her. She won their confidence.

This is why the public, that is, the common people supported her all the time.

Razia sultan biography of christopher: Razia Sultan was a brave queen

At one of time, troops were camped near Delhi. These troops belonged to the governors of Badaun, Lahore, Hansi and Multan. But at that point of time Razia did not have enough forces to fight against them. This is why she took her army out of the fort. She won against not by engaging in a war but by diplomacy. The rebel chiefs were jealous with each other.

Razia sultan biography of christopher: Razia Sultan was born in Sultan

Razia Sultana was the only woman ruler of both the Sultanate and the Mughal period, although other women ruled from behind the scenes. Razia refused to be addressed as Sultana because it meant "wife or mistress of a sultan". She would answer only to the title "Sultan". Razia had all qualities of a great monarch. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.

If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. Razia attempted to offset the power of the Turkic nobility by creating a class of non-Turkic nobles, which led to further opposition from the Turkic nobles. Nizamul Mulk Muhammad Junaidi, a 'Tazik' non-Turkic officer who had held the post of the wazir prime minister since Iltutmish's time, [ 17 ] refused to accept her ascension.

He was joined by four Turkic nobles, who had also rebelled against Razia's predecessor Ruknuddin. However, shortly after crossing the Ganges on his way to Delhi, Taisi was captured by Kuchi's forces and died in captivity. Razia then led an army out of the fortified city of Delhi to fight the rebels and set up a camp on the banks of the Yamuna River.

They secretly met with Razia, and the group planned to arrest other rebel leaders, including Junaidi. Saifuddin Kuchi and his brother Fakhruddin were captured, imprisoned, and later executed. Junaidi fled to the Sirmaur hills and died there. Alauddin Jani was killed at the Nakawan village, and his head was later brought to Delhi.

Razia sultan biography of christopher: Razia Sultan, born to iltutmish of

Immediately after ascending the razia sultan biography of christopher, Razia made several important appointments. Muhazzabuddin had earlier served as deputy to the previous wazir Junaidi. Razia appointed Malik Saifuddin Aibek Bahtu as the in-charge of her army, and conferred the title Qutlugh Khan upon him. However, Saifuddin died soon after, and Razia appointed Malik Qutubuddin Hasan Ghuri to the newly created office of naib-i lashkar in-charge of the army.

Minhaj mentions that soon, all the nobles from Lakhnauti in the east to Debal in the west acknowledged her authority. Razia directed Malik Qutubuddin Hasan Ghuri to march to Ranthambore: he was able to evacuate the Turkic nobles and officers from the fort, but was unable to subjugate the Chahamanas. The Chahamanas, in alliance with the Mewatiscaptured a large part of present-day north-eastern Rajasthanand carried out guerilla war around Delhi.

Razia also sent a force to re-assert Delhi's control over Gwaliorbut this campaign had to be aborted. During Razia's reign,the Shias revolted against the Sultanatebut the rebellion was suppressed. On 5 Marchhe and his supporters entered the mosque, and started killing the Sunnis assembled there for the Friday prayersbefore being attacked by the citizens.

InMalik Hasan Qarlughthe former Khwarazmian governor of Ghaznifaced a threat from the Mongolsand sent his son to Delhi, probably to seek a military alliance against the Mongols. Razia received the prince courteously, assigned him the revenues of Baran for his expenses, but refused to form an alliance against the Mongols. The nobles who supported Razia intended her to be a figurehead, but she increasingly asserted herself.

For example, her initial coins were issued with her father's name, but by —, she had started issuing coins solely in her own name. However, later, she started appearing in public dressed in traditional male attire, wearing a cloak qaba and a hat kulah. She rode on elephants through the streets of Delhi, making public appearances like the earlier Sultans.

Razia's increasing assertiveness and her appointment of non-Turkic people to important posts created resentment among the Turkic nobles. In —, Malik Izudin Kabir Khan Ayaz — the governor of Lahore — rebelled against Razia, and she marched against him, forcing him to flee to Sodhra. Because the area beyond Sodhra was controlled by the Mongolsand because Razia continued to pursue him, Izzuddin was forced to surrender and accept Razia's authority once again.

Razia treated him leniently; she took away the iqta of Lahore from him, but assigned him the iqta of Multanwhich Iltutmish had assigned to Ikhtiyaruddin Qaraqash Khan Aitigin. She had also bestowed favours upon another slave of Iltutmish — Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia, by assigning him first the iqta of Baranand then, the iqta of Tabarhinda. However, these two officers conspired with other Turkic officers to overthrow her, while she was away on the Lahore campaign.

Unaware that other nobles in Delhi had joined Altunia in conspiring against her, Razia marched towards Tabarhinda ten days later. At Tabarhinda, the rebel forces killed her loyalist Yaqut, and imprisoned her. According to Minhaj, Razia ruled for 3 years, 6 months, and 6 days. When the news of Razia's arrest reached Delhi, the rebel nobles there appointed Muizuddin Bahram — a son of Iltutmish — on the throne.

However, the new king had Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin assassinated within 1—2 months. After deposing Razia, the nobles at Delhi had distributed important offices and iqtas among themselves, ignoring claims of Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia, who had arrested Razia at Tabarhinda. After Aitigin's death, Altunia lost all hope of realizing any benefits from Razia's overthrow, and decided to ally with her.

Bahram, for his part, would later be dethroned for incompetence. As sultan, Razia reportedly sought to abolish the tax on non-Muslims but met opposition from the nobility. By way of response, Razia is said to have pointed out that the spirit of religion was more important than its parts, and that even the Islamic prophet Muhammad spoke against overburdening the non-Muslims.

On another occasion, Razia reportedly tried to appoint an Indian Muslim convert from Hinduism to an official position but again ran into opposition from the nobles. Razia was reportedly devoted to the cause of her empire and to her subjects. There is no record that she made any attempt to remain aloof from her subjects, rather it appears she preferred to mingle among them.

Her tolerance of Hinduism would later bring her criticism from Muslim historians. Razia established schools, academies, centers for research, and public libraries that included the works of ancient philosophers along with the Qur'an and the traditions of Muhammad. Hindu works in the sciences, philosophy, astronomy, and literature were reportedly studied in schools and colleges.